AIR POLLUTION

What is air pollution?

Air pollution is contamination of the air that occur due to human and natural action. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty.

The causes of air pollution 

Air pollution is result from both human and natural actions. Natural event that pollute the air include  smoke, dust and gases from the volcano. However air po­llution from natural event is not very often. Mostly human activities such as burning fossil fuels, emissions from industries and manufacturing activities and agricultural activities.

The eruption of volcano is the natural event that can caused air pollution. It occurs when the smoke, dust and harmful gases release into the atmosphere. However natural causes are not very often occur.

Volcano Mount Sinabung in Sumatra, Indonesia erupts spewing lava and ash.

Human activity such as burning fossil fuels will lead to the air pollution. Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum is one the major cause of air pollution. We rely to  fossil fuels to fulfill our daily basic needs but the overuse of them may leads to the air pollution that is killing our environment.

Besides, emissions from industries and manufacturing activities also cause air pollution. Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air. There are many manufacturing industries that can be found at every corner of the earth. The worst thing is  all the area nearby the manufacturing industries will be affected by the release of the harmful gases into the atmosphere.

Agricultural activity is one of the causes of air pollution. These happen when ammonia release into the atmosphere. Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture activities and it is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. Overuse of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities might be pollute the air. They emit harmful chemicals into the air and can also cause water pollution.

The effects of air pollution

Acidification is one of the effect of air pollution.Chemical reactions involving air pollutants can create acidic compounds which can cause harm to vegetation and buildings. Sometimes, when an air pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with the water droplets that make up clouds, the water droplets become acidic, forming acid rain. When acid rain falls over an area, it can kill trees and harm animals, fish, and other wildlife.

            

Acid rain destroys the leaves of plants.When acid rain infiltrates into soils, it changes the chemistry of the soil making it unfit for many living things that rely on soil as a habitat or for nutrition. Acid rain also changes the chemistry of the lakes and streams that the rainwater flows into, harming fish and other aquatic life.

Next is eutrophication.Rain can carry and deposit the Nitrogen in some pollutants on rivers and soils. This will adversely affect the nutrients in the soil and water bodies. This can result in algae growth in lakes and water bodies, and make conditions for other living organism harmful.

Besides, ground-level ozone also one of the air polution effect.Chemical reactions involving air pollutants create a poisonous gas ozone (O3). Gas Ozone can affect people’s health and can damage vegetation types and some animal life too.

Air pollutants can be in the form of particulate matter which can be very harmful to our health. The level of effect usually depends on the length of time of exposure, as well the kind and concentration of chemicals and particles exposed to. Short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Others include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly.

Solution to reduce air pollution

Solution efforts on pollution is always a big problem. This is why prevention interventions are always a better way of controlling air pollution. These prevention methods can either come from government or by individual actions. In many big cities, monitoring equipment have been installed at many points in the city. Authorities read them regularly to check the quality of air.

Governments throughout the world have already taken action against air pollution by introducing green energy. Some governments are investing in wind energy and solar energy, as well as other renewable energy, to minimize burning of fossil fuels, which cause heavy air pollution.Governments are also forcing companies to be more responsible with their manufacturing activities, so that even though they still cause pollution, they are a lot controlled.Car manufacturing companies are also building more energy efficient cars, which pollute less than before.

First of all we need to practice to use public transportation. We need to encourage yourself to use more and more public transportation to reduce pollution. Besides, try to make use car pooling. If you and your friend, neighbor and family go to the same place and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money. These may reduce the gas release from the car exhaust.

Next, conserve the  energy. Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. Because large amount of fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity. You can save the environment by reducing the amount of fossil fuels to be burned if you conserve the energy.Use energy (light, water, boiler, kettle and fire woods) wisely. This is because lots of fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity, and so if we can cut down the use, we will also cut down the amount of pollution we create.

Besides, understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Do not burn your items that you not need anymore. Because you can reuse them for some other purpose. Recycle and re-use things. This will minimize the dependence of producing new things. Remember manufacturing industries create a lot of pollution, so if we can re-use things like shopping plastic bags, clothing, paper and bottles, it can help.

~Thank You~

ENDANGERED SPECIES OF RHINOCERUS

ENDANGERED ANIMAL : RHINOCEROS

Do you know about rhinoceros? Do you have heard about this animal? And did you know that this animal is listed in endangered animal in the world? Let’s together we explore about this animal.

The rhinoceros is in a family of Rhinocerotidae. It is include in some of the largest living land mammal. The rhinoceros mostly living at Africa and Asia. There are type of rhinoceros based on their habitat. In Africa, there have two different rhinoceros, it is black and white rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis ). Meanwhile, in Asia, the rhinoceros called the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and Javan rhinoceros(Rhinoceros sondaicus). Today , the amount of population all the rhinoceros species combined is probably less than 25,000 species.

Basically, the rhino have one or two horns on the upper surface of the snout, these horns are not true but are composed of keratin, a fibrous protein found in hair. Rhinoceroses have thick skin, which forms plate like folds especially at the shoulders and thighs. All rhinos are grey or brown in colour but different with the white rhinoceros, which it skin paler than others. Besides, most rhinoceros are solitary, it is individuals avoid each other. Not only that, they also have poor eyesight but acute of hearing and smell. The rhinos also the largest of perisodactyls (Greek language, means a mammal of the order Perissodatyla such as horse and rhinoceros) and one of the features of very large body size in mammals is a low reproductive rate.

What is the Africa rhinos and the Asia rhinos? Let’s take a look one by one.

 

African's People

The African have two species of rhinos it is black rhino and white rhino. Both of this species are coming extinction because of illegal rhino horn, especially the white rhinos. What is the difference between this two rhinos are the black rhinos has a pointed upper lip and the white rhinos has squared lip. The difference in lip shape is related to the rhinos diet. So, the black are browsers that get most of their sustenance from eating trees and bushes so that their use their lips to pluck leaves and fruits from the branches. Meanwhile, the white rhinos likes to gather in group of as dozen individuals and they mostly live on Africa’s grassy plains. They like to lying in the shade under the hot Africa sun. the white rhino have two horns, the foremost more prominent than the other. It is grow up to five feet (1.5 meters) longs. For the female rhino the horns are use to protect their young but to male rhino, it is use to battle the attackers. As addition, the white rhino are roamed much of sub-Saharan Africa but today is on the verse of extinction due to poaching.

 

Rhino in Africa

The number of rhinos poached in South Africa has increased by 90% since 2007-from 13 to a record 1,215 in 2015. The illegal poaching keep increased and they use sophisticated method such as use night vision equipment to track the rhinos. This is because they use the powdered horn as a traditional Asia medicine to cure the fever and even cancer.

Meanwhile, in Asian there have three species of rhinos that brink of extinction. It is the greater one-horned rhino which is originally from Pakistan, all the way through India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar. In 1975, it just only 600 species remained but in mid-2015 about 3,555 species and were reclassification from endangered to vulnerable.

Rhinoceros unicornis in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Then, the Javan rhinos, it is critically endangered and rarest larges mammal species in the world. Also known as lesser one-horned rhino. Live at north-eastern India through Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Today, the Javan rhinos are 60 species left in wild.

Javan rhinos in Ujung Kulun National Park, Indonesia

Rhino mating in Thailand

And the last, Sumatran rhinos which the smallest rhino species and the only Asian rhino with two horns. The Sumatran rhino live at Indo-China, Malaysia and Indonesia. Today, the estimated at fewer than 100 individuals, located in a few small pocket in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Rhino in India

The ways to prevents

Mostly, the rhinos were extinction because of the uncontrollable illegal poaching through of benefit on the rhinos horns. So, to prevent this illegal poaching, we need to stopping the poachers, reducing customer demand for rhino horns also we support the translocation of rhinos to create new and secure populations. Also, government should compound people whose found guilty about their action lead to extinction of rhinoceros. More of it, government should do program associate with rhinoceros such as extinction of animal to school. This thing implant development of bad thing and good thing to children at school and so on for the better future. Furthermore, the WWF has created The World Rhino Day for celebrated the habitat of rhinos that coming extinction. Although, all people around the world must take procedure to ensure the rhinoceros have better future so that kid in future will see this animal. So, together we support the ways to prevent the rhinos from keep extinction. 

Translocated the rhino from Royal